{"id":1119,"date":"2026-01-18T12:10:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T02:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/?p=1119"},"modified":"2026-01-31T13:49:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T03:49:43","slug":"year11-math-3-1-2-jp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/?p=1119","title":{"rendered":"Year11-MATH-3-1-2 JP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 2: Introduction to Differential Calculus \u5fae\u5206\u7a4d\u5206\u5165\u9580<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9759\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u5b66\u3078\u3068\u9032\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u7269\u4f53\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u554f\u3046\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u7269\u4f53\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u901f\u3055\u3067\u52d5\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u554f\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 The Concept of a Gradient \u52fe\u914d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7dda\u5f62\u95a2\u6570\uff08<math data-latex=\"y = mx + c\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>m<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y = mx + c<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52fe\u914d\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u76f4\u7dda\u4e0a\u306e\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u6025\u5cfb\u3055\u300d\u306f\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001<math data-latex=\"f(x)=x^2\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x)=x^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u66f2\u7dda\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6025\u5cfb\u3055\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secants vs. Tangents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Average Rate of Change (Secant):<\/strong>\u66f2\u7dda\u4e0a\u306e <strong>2 <\/strong>\u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u7dda\u306e\u52fe\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Instantaneous Rate of Change (Tangent):<\/strong>\u66f2\u7dda\u306b\u4e00\u70b9\u3067\u63a5\u3059\u308b\u76f4\u7dda\u306e\u52fe\u914d\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 The Derivative Function \u5fae\u5206\u95a2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u5fae\u5206\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306ex\u5024\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u63a5\u7dda\u306e\u50be\u304d\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306b2\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Leibniz\u2019s Notation <\/strong>\u30e9\u30a4\u30d7\u30cb\u30c3\u30c4\u8a18\u6cd5<strong>:<\/strong> \u200b<math data-latex=\"\\frac{dy}{dx}\"><semantics><mfrac><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{dy}{dx}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (\u300cy\u306ex\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5fae\u5206\u300d\u3068\u8aad\u3080).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lagrange\u2019s Notation <\/strong>\u30e9\u30b0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b8\u30e5\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u6cd5<strong>:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"f\u2032(x)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mtext>\u2032<\/mtext><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f\u2032(x)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>  (read as &#8220;f prime of x&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 The Power Rule \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306f\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8fd1\u9053\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u300d\u306e\u9650\u754c\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5fae\u5206\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Power Rule<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If <math data-latex=\"f(x)=x^{n}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x)=x^{n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, then: <math data-latex=\"f\u2032(x)=nx^{n\u22121}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mtext>\u2032<\/mtext><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>n<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f\u2032(x)=nx^{n\u22121}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Steps to differentiate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Multiply<\/strong> the coefficient by the current power (n). \u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u3079\u304d\u4e57\uff08<math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uff09\u306b\u639b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Subtract<\/strong> 1 from the power. \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u304b\u30891\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\uff08\u3079\u304d\u3058\u3087\u3046\u305d\u304f\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001<strong>\u3042\u308b\u91cf\u304c\u5225\u306e\u91cf\u306e\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\uff08 <\/strong><math data-latex=\"Y = aX^k\"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><msup><mi>X<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y = aX^k<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong>\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6cd5\u5247\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5024\uff08\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5024\u306b\u7559\u307e\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001<strong>\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u504f\u308b\u300d<\/strong>\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u306a\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306e\u304c\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3001SNS\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u6570\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5730\u9707\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\uff08\u30b0\u30fc\u30c6\u30f3\u30d9\u30eb\u30b0\u30fb\u30ea\u30d2\u30bf\u30fc\u5247\uff09\u3001\u53ce\u5165\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u30d1\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3067\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6570\u5f0f\u8868\u73fe<\/strong>: <math data-latex=\"Y = aX^k\"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><msup><mi>X<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y = aX^k<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>( <math data-latex=\"a\"><semantics><mi>a<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u306f\u5b9a\u6570\u3001<math data-latex=\"k\"><semantics><mi>k<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u306f\u3079\u304d\u6307\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u306e\u504f\u308a<\/strong>: \u5c11\u6570\u306e\u300c\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0\u300d\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u3068\u3001\u591a\u6570\u306e\u300c\u30b9\u30e2\u30fc\u30eb\u300d\u306a\u4e8b\u8c61\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e21\u5bfe\u6570\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u306e\u76f4\u7dda\u6027<\/strong>: \u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3092\u4e21\u5bfe\u6570\uff08\u5bfe\u6570-\u5bfe\u6570\uff09\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u63cf\u304f\u3068\u3001\u76f4\u7dda\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u73fe\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u666e\u904d\u6027<\/strong>: \u7570\u306a\u308b\u5206\u91ce\uff08\u7269\u7406\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3001\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u4f8b<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SNS\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u6570<\/strong>: \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u6709\u540d\u4eba\u304c\u81a8\u5927\u306a\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u4eba\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u4eba\u53e3<\/strong>: \u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u4eba\u53e3\u304c\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5e02\u306f\u4eba\u53e3\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5730\u9707\u306e\u898f\u6a21<\/strong>: \u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u5730\u9707\u306f\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5de8\u5927\u5730\u9707\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u307e\u308c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u51fa\u73fe\u983b\u5ea6<\/strong>: \u4f7f\u7528\u983b\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4f4e\u3044\u5358\u8a9e\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u591a\u3044\uff08 Zipf\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u3068\u3057\u3066\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3002&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u306a\u305c\u91cd\u8981\u304b<\/strong><br>\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u30fb\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c<strong><strong>\u968e\u5c64\u7684<\/strong><\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e<strong>\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f<\/strong>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">****************<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e11\u5e74\u751f\u6570\u5b66\u6307\u5c0e\u6cd5\uff08\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c02\u9580\u79d1\u76ee\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306f\u3079\u304d\u95a2\u6570\uff08<math data-latex=\"x^n\"><semantics><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x^n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uff09\u306e\u5fae\u5206\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u304b\u3064\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8fd1\u9053\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u306f\u9762\u5012\u306a\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6975\u9650\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u6bce\u56de\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52fe\u914d\u95a2\u6570 <math data-latex=\"\\frac{dy}{dx}\"><semantics><mfrac><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{dy}{dx}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (\u307e\u305f\u306f\uff09<math data-latex=\"f\u2018(x)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mtext>\u2018<\/mtext><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f\u2018(x)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&gt;&gt; The Power Rule Formula&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If <math data-latex=\"f(x)=x^n\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x)=x^n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> , then the derivative is: <math data-latex=\" \\frac{d}{dx}(x^n)=nx^{n\u22121}\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>n<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"> \\frac{d}{dx}(x^n)=nx^{n\u22121}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Where <\/em><em>is any real number.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the term has a constant coefficient , such as <math data-latex=\"f(x)=ax^n\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x)=ax^n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> , the rule is: <math data-latex=\"\\frac{d}{dx}(ax^n)\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{d}{dx}(ax^n)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> = <math data-latex=\"anx^{n-1}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>a<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>n<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">anx^{n-1}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Multiply the exponent by the coefficient, then subtract 1 from the exponent.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&gt;&gt; Step-by-Step Application<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Identify <\/strong><math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>: <\/strong>Look at the power of <math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bring it down:<\/strong> Multiply the entire term by this power (<math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduce it:<\/strong> Subtract 1 from the original power (<math data-latex=\"n-1\"><semantics><mrow><mi>n<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n-1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example 1: Simple Power<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">y <strong>= <\/strong><math data-latex=\"X^5\"><semantics><msup><mi>X<\/mi><mn>5<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X^5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math data-latex=\"\\frac{dy}{dx} = 5x^{5\u20131} = 5x^4\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>5<\/mn><mtext>\u2013<\/mtext><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>4<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{dy}{dx} = 5x^{5\u20131} = 5x^4<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example 2: Coefficient and Power<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math data-latex=\"y = 4x^3\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y = 4x^3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><math data-latex=\"\\frac {dy}{dx} = (3x4)x^{3-1} = 12x^2\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mn>4<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>3<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>12<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac {dy}{dx} = (3&#215;4)x^{3-1} = 12x^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&gt;&gt; <\/strong><strong>Key Applications in Year 11<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u591a\u9805\u5f0f: \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306f\u5404\u9805\u306b\u500b\u5225\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059 (\u548c\u5247)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Example: <\/em><math data-latex=\"\\frac{d}{dx}(3x^{2}+5x+2)=6x+5 \"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>6<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{d}{dx}(3x^{2}+5x+2)=6x+5 <\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><strong>\u8ca0\u306e\u6307\u6570\uff08\u9006\u6570\uff09<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u5206\u6bcd\u306e\u9805\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Example: <\/em><math data-latex=\"\\frac{d}{dx}(\\frac{1}{x^{2}})=\\frac{d}{dx}(x^{-2})=-2x^{-3}=-\\frac{2}{x^{3}} \"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u2212<\/mo><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{d}{dx}(\\frac{1}{x^{2}})=\\frac{d}{dx}(x^{-2})=-2x^{-3}=-\\frac{2}{x^{3}} <\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6570\u6307\u6570\uff08\u6839\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u306a\u3069\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Example:<\/em> <math data-latex=\"\\frac{d}{dx}(\\sqrt{x})=\\frac{d}{dx}(x^{1\/2})=\\frac{1}{2}x^{-1\/2}=\\frac{1}{2\\sqrt{x}}\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msqrt><mi>x<\/mi><\/msqrt><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>\/<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mi>\/<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><msqrt><mi>x<\/mi><\/msqrt><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{d}{dx}(\\sqrt{x})=\\frac{d}{dx}(x^{1\/2})=\\frac{1}{2}x^{-1\/2}=\\frac{1}{2\\sqrt{x}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9a\u6570\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb: \u5b9a\u6570\u306e\u5c0e\u95a2\u6570\u306f 0 \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Example: <\/em><math data-latex=\"\\frac{d}{dx}(10)=0\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>10<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{d}{dx}(10)=0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7dda\u5f62\u9805: \u306e\u5c0e\u95a2\u6570\u306f <math data-latex=\"a\"><semantics><mi>a<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Example: <\/em><math data-latex=\"\\frac{d}{dx}(7x)=7\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>d<\/mi><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>7<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>7<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{d}{dx}(7x)=7<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&gt;&gt; Key Requirements &amp; Common Pitfalls \u4e3b\u306a\u8981\u4ef6\u3068\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u843d\u3068\u3057\u7a74<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6e96\u5099: \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u6307\u6570\u898f\u5247 ( <\/strong><math data-latex=\"1\/x^{n}=x^{-n}\"><semantics><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>\/<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">1\/x^{n}=x^{-n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong> \u304a\u3088\u3073  <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\sqrt[m]{x^{n}}=x^{n\/m}\"><semantics><mrow><mroot><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/msup><mi>m<\/mi><\/mroot><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>n<\/mi><mi>\/<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sqrt[m]{x^{n}}=x^{n\/m}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>) \u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5206\u6bcd\u5185\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u4e0b\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u76f4\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8ca0\u306e\u6570: \u8ca0\u306e\u6307\u6570\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u8ca0\u306e\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u899a\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 (\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 \u3001<\/strong><math data-latex=\"x^{-2}\"><semantics><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x^{-2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong> \u306e\u5c0e\u95a2\u6570\u306f <\/strong><math data-latex=\"-2x^{-3}\"><semantics><mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">-2x^{-3}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong> \u3067\u3059)\u3002<\/strong> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7c21\u7565\u5316<\/strong>: \u4e57\u7b97\u5f8c\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u6570\u5024\u4fc2\u6570\u3092\u7c21\u7565\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8: NSW HSC \u304a\u3088\u3073\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7ba1\u8f44\u533a\u57df\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9650\u754c\u3068\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u7d9a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u306a\u5dee\u5225\u5316\u3078\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u3068\u3057\u3066 11 \u5e74\u751f\u3067\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>*******************************************<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Constants and Linear Terms \u5b9a\u6570\u3068\u7dda\u5f62\u9805<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Constants:<\/strong> The derivative of a constant \u5b9a\u6570\uff1a\u5b9a\u6570\u306e\u5c0e\u95a2\u6570 (e.g., <math data-latex=\"f(x)=5\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x)=5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) is <strong>0<\/strong>. (A flat line has no steepness).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Linear Terms:<\/strong> The derivative of f(x)=ax is simply <strong>a<\/strong>. \u7dda\u5f62\u9805\uff1af(x)=ax\u306e\u5c0e\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u5358\u7d14\u306ba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Worked Example 1: Differentiating a Polynomial<\/strong> Differentiate.<math data-latex=\"f(x) = 4x^3 - 2x^2 + 5x - 7\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>7<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x) = 4x^3 &#8211; 2x^2 + 5x &#8211; 7<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Term 1 (<math data-latex=\"4x^3\"><semantics><mrow><mn>4<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">4x^3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>): 3\u00d74=12, then 3\u22121=2. Result: .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Term 2 (<math data-latex=\"\u22122x^2\"><semantics><mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\u22122x^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>): 2\u00d7\u22122=\u22124, then 2\u22121=1. Result: \u22124x.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Term 3 (<math data-latex=\"5x\"><semantics><mrow><mn>5<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">5x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>): Gradient of is simply 5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Term 4 (\u22127): Derivative is 0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Final Answer:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"f'(x) = 12x^2 - 4x + 5\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime prime-pad\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msup><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>12<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f'(x) = 12x^2 &#8211; 4x + 5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 Finding the Gradient at a Point \u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u52fe\u914d\u306e\u8a08\u7b97<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you have the derivative function (f\u2032(x)), you can find the exact steepness of the curve at any x-coordinate by substituting the value into the derivative. \u5fae\u5206\u95a2\u6570 (f\u2032(x)) \u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5fae\u5206\u306b\u4ee3\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e x \u5ea7\u6a19\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u66f2\u7dda\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u50be\u304d\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Worked Example 2: Finding a Specific Gradient<\/strong> Find the gradient of the curve at the point where .<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Find the derivative: <math data-latex=\"\\frac{dy}{dx}\"><semantics><mfrac><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{dy}{dx}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u200b= 2x+3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Substitute x=2: 2(2)+3=7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interpretation:<\/strong> At the point (2,10), the curve is rising at a rate of 7 units up for every 1 unit across.\u70b9\uff082,10\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u66f2\u7dda\u306f1\u5358\u4f4d\u6a2a\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u308b\u3054\u3068\u306b7\u5358\u4f4d\u4e0a\u6607\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.5 Practice Problems \u7df4\u7fd2\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part A: Basic Differentiation \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5fae\u5206<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Differentiate the following with respect to x: \u6b21\u306e\u5f0f\u3092x\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5fae\u5206\u305b\u3088<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. <math data-latex=\"f(x) = x^5\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>5<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x) = x^5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.<math data-latex=\"y = 10x^2 - 4x\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>10<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y = 10x^2 &#8211; 4x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.<math data-latex=\"g(x) = \\frac{1}{3}x^3 + 5\"><semantics><mrow><mi>g<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>3<\/mn><\/mfrac><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">g(x) = \\frac{1}{3}x^3 + 5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.<math data-latex=\"f(x) = 8x - 2\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>8<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x) = 8x &#8211; 2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part B: Gradients at Points<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Find the gradient of <math data-latex=\"f(x) = 2x^2 - 5\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>5<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x) = 2x^2 &#8211; 5<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> at <math data-latex=\"x = 3\"><semantics><mrow><mi>x<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x = 3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For the curve <math data-latex=\"y = x^3 - 2x\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y = x^3 &#8211; 2x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> , find the coordinates where the gradient is equal to 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Challenge:<\/strong> If <math data-latex=\"f(x)=ax^2+4x\"><semantics><mrow><mi>f<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f(x)=ax^2+4x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> and <math data-latex=\"f'(1) = 10\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime prime-pad\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msup><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>10<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f'(1) = 10<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> , find the value of <math data-latex=\"a\"><semantics><mi>a<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solutions (Summary)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1. <math data-latex=\"5x^4\"><semantics><mrow><mn>5<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>4<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">5x^4<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong>  <math data-latex=\"20x - 4\"><semantics><mrow><mn>20<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">20x &#8211; 4<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong>  <math data-latex=\"x^2\"><semantics><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4.<\/strong> 8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5.<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"f'(x) = 4x\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime prime-pad\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msup><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f'(x) = 4x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. At <math data-latex=\"x=3\"><semantics><mrow><mi>x<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x=3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, gradient = 12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>6.<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 - 2\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mi>d<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\frac{dy}{dx} = 3x^2 &#8211; 2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. Set to 1: <math data-latex=\"3x^2 - 2 = 1 \\rightarrow 3x^2 = 3 \\rightarrow x = \\pm 1\"><semantics><mrow><mn>3<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><msup><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u00b1<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">3x^2 &#8211; 2 = 1 \\rightarrow 3x^2 = 3 \\rightarrow x = \\pm 1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. Points are (1,\u22121) and (\u22121,1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7.<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"f'(x) = 2ax + 4\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime prime-pad\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msup><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>x<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mi>a<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">f'(x) = 2ax + 4<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. So, <math data-latex=\"2a(1)+4=10\u21922a=6\u2192a=3\"><semantics><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><mi>a<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><mo>=<\/mo><mn>10<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mi>a<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>6<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">2a(1)+4=10\u21922a=6\u2192a=3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><br><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 2: Introduction to Differential Calculus \u5fae\u5206\u7a4d\u5206\u5165\u9580 \u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9759\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u5b66\u3078\u3068\u9032\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u7269\u4f53\u306f\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u554f\u3046\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u3053\u306e\u77ac\u9593\u3001\u7269\u4f53\u306f\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u901f\u3055\u3067\u52d5\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u554f\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 2.1 The Concept of a Gradient \u52fe\u914d\u306e\u6982\u5ff5 \u7dda\u5f62\u95a2\u6570\uff08y=mx+cy = mx + c\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52fe\u914d\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u76f4\u7dda\u4e0a\u306e\u3069\u3053\u306b\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u6025\u5cfb\u3055\u300d\u306f\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001f(x)=x2f(x)=x^2\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u66f2\u7dda\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6025\u5cfb\u3055\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 Secants vs. Tangents 2.2 The Derivative Function \u5fae\u5206\u95a2\u6570 \u300c\u5fae\u5206\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306ex\u5024\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u63a5\u7dda\u306e\u50be\u304d\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4e3b\u306b2\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u8868\u8a18\u6cd5\u3092\u7528\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 2.3 The Power Rule \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247 \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306f\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8fd1\u9053\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u300d\u306e\u9650\u754c\u306b\u983c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5fae\u5206\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 The Power Rule If f(x)=xnf(x)=x^{n}, then: f\u2032(x)=nxn\u22121f\u2032(x)=nx^{n\u22121} Steps to differentiate: \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\uff08\u3079\u304d\u3058\u3087\u3046\u305d\u304f\uff09\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u91cf\u304c\u5225\u306e\u91cf\u306e\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\uff08 Y=aXkY = aX^k\u306e\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3084\u793e\u4f1a\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6cd5\u5247\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5024\uff08\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3084\u983b\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u5024\u306b\u7559\u307e\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u90e8\u306b\u504f\u308b\u300d\u975e\u5bfe\u79f0\u306a\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306e\u304c\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3001SNS\u306e\u30d5\u30a9\u30ed\u30ef\u30fc\u6570\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5730\u9707\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\uff08\u30b0\u30fc\u30c6\u30f3\u30d9\u30eb\u30b0\u30fb\u30ea\u30d2\u30bf\u30fc\u5247\uff09\u3001\u53ce\u5165\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u30d1\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3067\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002&nbsp; \u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u7279\u5fb4&nbsp; \u8eab\u8fd1\u306a\u4f8b&nbsp; \u306a\u305c\u91cd\u8981\u304b\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u3001\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u632f\u308b\u821e\u3044\u3092\u4e88\u6e2c\u30fb\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u652f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u00a0 **************** \u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e11\u5e74\u751f\u6570\u5b66\u6307\u5c0e\u6cd5\uff08\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5c02\u9580\u79d1\u76ee\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3079\u304d\u4e57\u5247\u306f\u3079\u304d\u95a2\u6570\uff08xnx^n\uff09\u306e\u5fae\u5206\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u304b\u3064\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8fd1\u9053\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u751f\u5f92\u306f\u9762\u5012\u306a\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u300d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6975\u9650\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u6bce\u56de\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u52fe\u914d\u95a2\u6570 dydx\\frac{dy}{dx} [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-math"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1119"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1475,"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1119\/revisions\/1475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive4ones.com\/2ndstudy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}